Yesaya 45:18

45:18 For this is what the Lord says,

the one who created the sky –

he is the true God, ¹ 

the one who formed the earth and made it;

he established it,

he did not create it without order, ² 

he formed it to be inhabited –

“I am the Lord, I have no peer.

Yesaya 51:16

Zion’s Time to Celebrate

51:16 I commission you ³  as my spokesman; ⁴ 

I cover you with the palm of my hand, ⁵ 

to establish ⁶  the sky and to found the earth,

to say to Zion, ‘You are my people.’” ⁷ 

Yesaya 65:17

65:17 For look, I am ready to create

new heavens and a new earth! ⁸ 

The former ones ⁹  will not be remembered;

no one will think about them anymore. ¹⁰ 

[45:18]  ¹ tn Heb “he [is] the God.” The article here indicates uniqueness.

[45:18]  ² tn Or “unformed.” Gen 1:2 describes the world as “unformed” (תֹהוּ, tohu) prior to God’s creative work, but God then formed the world and made it fit for habitation.

[51:16]  ³ tn The addressee (second masculine singular, as in vv. 13, 15) in this verse is unclear. The exiles are addressed in the immediately preceding verses (note the critical tone of vv. 12-13 and the reference to the exiles in v. 14). However, it seems unlikely that they are addressed in v. 16, for the addressee appears to be commissioned to tell Zion, who here represents the restored exiles, “you are my people.” The addressee is distinct from the exiles. The language of v. 16a is reminiscent of 49:2 and 50:4, where the Lord’s special servant says he is God’s spokesman and effective instrument. Perhaps the Lord, having spoken to the exiles in vv. 1-15, now responds to this servant, who spoke just prior to this in 50:4-11.

[51:16]  ⁴ tn Heb “I place my words in your mouth.”

[51:16]  ⁵ tn Heb “with the shadow of my hand.”

[51:16]  ⁶ tc The Hebrew text has לִנְטֹעַ (lintoa’, “to plant”). Several scholars prefer to emend this form to לִנְטֹת (lintot) from נָטָה (natah, “to stretch out”); see v. 13, as well as 40:22; 42:5; 44:24; 45:12; cf. NAB, NCV, NRSV. However, since the Qumran scroll 1QIsa^a, LXX (and Aquila and Symmachus), and Vulgate support the MT reading, there is no need to emend the form. The interpretation is clear enough: Yahweh fixed the sky in its place.

[51:16]  ⁷ tn The infinitives in v. 16b are most naturally understood as indicating the purpose of the divine actions described in v. 16a. The relationship of the third infinitive to the commission is clear enough – the Lord has made the addressee (his special servant?) his spokesman so that the latter might speak encouraging words to those in Zion. But how do the first two infinitives relate? The text seems to indicate that the Lord has commissioned the addressee so that the latter might create the universe! Perhaps creation imagery is employed metaphorically here to refer to the transformation that Jerusalem will experience (see 65:17-18).

[65:17]  ⁸ sn This hyperbolic statement likens the coming transformation of Jerusalem (see vv. 18-19) to a new creation of the cosmos.

[65:17]  ⁹ tn Or perhaps, “the former things” (so ASV, NASB, NIV, NRSV); TEV “The events of the past.”

[65:17]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “and they will not come up on the mind.”